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The Project had several parts, but most of the science-ing happened in a couple places. From Szilárd and Fermi, to the great Hungarian-American mathematician and computer scientist, John von Neumann. The Manhattan Project involved 43,000 people, including a who's who of European and North American scientists in the 40s. Government sponsored, multi-year, multi-sided, field-defining work. This program was code-named The Manhattan Project, and it was perhaps the first and clearest example of Big Science. There were no leaks, so almost no one on Earth understood the possibility of nuclear physics until it was too late. The US Government, with a little help from Canada, ran an enormously expensive and secret weapons program for four years. What happened next is really, really hard to understand from today's perspective. He foresaw literally the end of the world.
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And he foresaw a potentially very bad ending for Germany, the Jewish people, the free world, and Science. In his mind the only question was would the Americans, Germans, or Russians split the atom first. But he was also, like, a very smart, deeply pragmatic person. Now let's be clear, Einstein was a pacifist. It basically said there's the possibility of this new super-weapon, and the German's might get it first. It was only two pages and it's really worth Googling. But, he knew someone who was: Albert Einstein, the most famous scientist in the world and possibly ever, signed Szilárd's letter. Only, Szilárd wasn't famous enough to just, you know, high-five Roosevelt and get a nuclear weapons program off the ground. So he drafted a letter to President Roosevelt, with some input from some couple of other physicists. Szilárd decided that only his and Fermi's invention could save it. Then in 1938, German physicists actually achieved fission in the lab. This device would cause a self-sustaining nuclear reaction. or a super-weapon. Szilárd, with the help of hot shot Italian physicist Enrico Fermi, quickly patented the idea of a nuclear reactor or "atomic pile" in 1934. Thus, Szilárd came up with the idea of a nuclear chain reaction, which could mean a new form of energy. How did Albert even know about this amazingly powerful weapon? For that, we turn to Hungarian-American physicist, Leó Szilárd. Szilárd read about Ernest Rutherford's work with electrons and in 1933 realized that it was theoretically possible to split apart an atom's juicy center and create nuclear fission, releasing vast amounts of energy and thus splitting apart another atom. The story picks up where we left off last time, with Einstein writing the president of his new homeland - the United States - urging him to build a nuclear weapon before Hitler. This is the story of the bomb that earned a capital B, and the scars it left on 20th century science and culture. We tell a lot of stories about science and politics on Crash Course, but it's hard to get much more political than the Manhattan Project. Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Įric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. The Atomic Bomb.Ĭrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at This is the tale of the most destructive force humans have ever unleashed. The story picks up where we left off last time, with Einstein writing the president of his new homeland, the United States, urging him to build a nuclear weapon before Hitler.